Three‐Dimensional Vectorial Holography With Full Polarization Control via End‐to‐End On‐Chip Metasurface

ABSTRACT The generation and manipulation of 3D and vectorial optical fields are essential for advanced applications such as optical tweezers, information encryption, and volumetric display. Conventional metasurfaces offer powerful solutions for complex optical field modulation while typically suffer from underexplored polarization multiplexing capability and low design efficiency. Here, we propose an end‐to‐end on‐chip metasurface design strategy based on gradient optimization to realize full‐parameter control of 3D vectorial optical fields. By jointly encoding Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase and detour phase within a single‐atom on‐chip metasurface, the intrinsic constraints of the Jones matrix are effectively overcome. Through continuously adjusting the input and output polarization states, it enables flexible generation of vectorial optical fields. Experimentally, polarization‐multiplexed holography with up to 36 independent channels is demonstrated, along with 3D spatial tunability. This work significantly expands the polarization‐multiplexed capacity of meta‐holography while improves the design efficiency of on‐chip metasurface, providing a scalable pathway toward advanced photonic information processing and secure optical systems.