Evaluating Oxidative Stress Markers and Inflammation in Female BALB/c Mice Model of Azoxymethane-Dextran Sulphate Sodium– Induced Colitis and Colon Dysplasia

Chronic ulcerative colitis doubles the overall risk of colon cancer in women. This study assessed oxidative stress, inflammation, and antioxidant enzyme activities in female mice administered azoxymethane (AOM) with dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Thirty-six female BALB/c mice, equally grouped into six, were administered 10 mg/kg AOM or 12.5 mg/kg AOM injection, separately or combined with 2.5% DSS. The control group received only feed and water. The mice were sacrificed under euthanasia. Biochemical assays and histopathological evaluation were conducted on their colon. Analysis of variance was used for comparison at α0.05. The female mice administered DSS or AOM did not develop colitis or dysplasia. No significant difference was observed in their body weights, colon lengths, and oxidative stress parameters compared to control. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly reduced by DSS and 12.5 mg/kg AOM dose. Histopathology of the colon showed mild inflammation in the DSS alone and combined with 12.5 mg/kg AOM, compared to control. The 12.5 mg/kg azoxymethane/DSS combination showed a better effect than the 10 mg/kg AOM/DSS dosage, but further studies should consider longer duration and possible dietary modification for dysplasia induction in female mice.