Conceptualising heart disease prediction through a unified framework combining clinical theory and machine learning models

A hybrid framework for a comprehensive evaluation of machine learning and transformer-based models for cardiovascular risk prediction by integrating structured clinical data with unstructured clinical narratives is included in this study. The structured data includes demographic and diagnostic variables like patient information and test results, while unstructured data is derived from electronic health records such as clinical notes. Through preprocessing, feature engineering, and semantic embedding using transformer-based models, the system leverages the complementary strengths of both data types. By analysing and processing this unstructured information, this project aims to improve the predictions for heart disease. The results show that it is feasible to make better predictions and gain valuable insights by merging these two types of data. Such analysis is essential because structured data alone often overlooks fine-grained clinical indicators found in narrative texts. Integrating unstructured data allows for a more holistic view of patient health, leading to earlier detection, personalized interventions, and improved decision-making in clinical settings.