Fe-doped SrTiO3 based perovskite hydroelectric cells for electricity generation via room temperature water splitting

The current work aims to establish hydroelectric cells based on strontium iron (0.1) titanate (Sr 0.9 Fe 0.1 TiO 3 ) and strontium titanate iron (0.1) oxide (SrTi 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 ) and to emphasize their potential as effective and environmentally conscious energy conversion devices. Sr 0.9 Fe 0.1 TiO 3 and SrTi 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 -based hydroelectric cells generate electricity through a defect assisted water-splitting process at room temperature. Defective Sr 0.9 Fe 0.1 TiO 3 and SrTi 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 materials are processed via a solid-state route followed by high-temperature heat treatment, leading to structural defects, pores, and oxygen vacancies favourable for water-splitting. Crystal structure and phase identification of the synthesized materials Sr 0.9 Fe 0.1 TiO 3 and SrTi 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 were studied using X-ray diffraction, while scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface features of the compounds. Raman spectroscopy provided details regarding structural distortions and defect states, such as oxygen vacancies. When water is sprinkled on these HECs, chemidissociation followed by physidissociation produces hydroxide and hydronium ions, enabling the redox reaction at both electrodes. Sr 0.9 Fe 0.1 TiO 3 and SrTi 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 —based HECs of 2 × 2 cm 2 delivered maximum powers of 3.04 mW and 2.68 mW with peak current values of 3.38 mA and 3.23 mA and open-circuit voltages of 0.9 V and 0.83 V. Nyquist plot using impedance spectroscopy demonstrated effective ionic diffusion under hydrated conditions. These results illustrate that high-temperature processed Sr 0.9 Fe 0.1 TiO 3 and SrTi 0.9 Fe 0.1 O 3 can serve as clean, sustainable materials for electricity generation with no emission of harmful by-products.