Uterine lithiasis triggered by an intrauterine contraceptive device: A case report and literature review

OBJECTIVE: Uterine lithiasis is an extremely rare condition. Although bladder stone formation associated with intrauterine devices (IUDs) has occasionally been described, no previous cases of uterine calculus have been reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 78-year-old Japanese woman who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and abdominal distention. Imaging revealed calcifications extending from the cervix to the bladder, indicating a vesicouterine fistula. A uterine calculus containing a Y-shaped IUD and a bladder stone was identified. The patient underwent an abdominal hysterectomy, bladder stone removal, and fistula repair, which resulted in an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the IUD perforated the bladder, served as a nidus for bladder stone formation, and subsequently led to the development of uterine calculi via the fistula. This case highlights the importance of IUD monitoring, timely removal, and clinician awareness of rare complications such as uterine calculi.