AI and blockchain-enabled optimising information disclosure in live-streaming supply chains

Live-streaming (LS) e-commerce has become a key sales channel linking manufacturers with end markets, yet live-streaming supply chains (LSS) still suffer from information asymmetry and a lack of credibility in the disclosures. Although AI and blockchain offer potential for real-time, traceable, and interactive information sharing, their impact on disclosure strategies remains underexplored in the field of production operations. This study develops game models for a manufacturer and a live-streaming enterprise (LSE), incorporating rational, risk-averse behaviours under both traditional and AI-blockchain disclosure mechanisms. Through model analysis, optimal strategies from the production stage to the sales stage have been identified. Results reveal three disclosure phases – full disclosure, partial disclosure by LSE only, and partial disclosure by both – while LSE consistently exhibits stronger disclosure willingness. The trust-amplifying effect generated by AI-blockchain technology is non-linear. Adoption of AI-blockchain enhances disclosure and profits when costs are below critical thresholds, whereas traditional strategies offer greater operational robustness under high uncertainty or low willingness. Findings highlight how digital technologies reshape incentives and pricing within SCs, providing practical guidance on information disclosure strategies, technology investment decisions and the improvement of SC operational performance.