Flood adaptation in rural housing: exploring the physical environment adaptations in northeastern wetlands, Bangladesh

Purpose The unique geographical setting alongside intensifying climate change impacts has increased the occurrence and extent of flooding in the northeastern Haor wetlands in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to identify the household-level flood adaptation practices in the physical environment of northeastern Haor areas and to explore the key factors influencing these practices. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research used a quantitative approach, collecting primary data through structured household questionnaire surveys and field investigation of 425 randomly selected households across four Unions (administrative units) of Tahirpur Upazila (sub-district) in Sunamganj district. Findings Both traditional and contemporary flood adaptation strategies are identified alongside a transition from conventional to contemporary durable construction materials in the Haor basin. In total, 60.5% of respondents apply an additional mud layer and 55.5% prefer the application of a brick or cement layer. Statistical analysis shows that the likelihood of using flood-resilient materials increases with confidence in their effectiveness (OR = 2.11, p = 0.011), flood experience (OR = 1.49, p = 0.001) and wall material (OR = 1.45, p = 0.010). Household type, plinth damage, flood warning and modification method jointly explain 16% of the variance in adaptation (p < 0.001). Practical implications The identification of physical adaptation practices and their determinants will support researchers and practitioners for future floodproofing of rural housing in the Haor basin. Originality/value This is pioneering research on household-level flood adaptation practices in the physical environment of the unique wetland settings of the northeastern Haor basin of Bangladesh.