Harnessing Digital Technologies in the Agro-Food Sector: An IoT-Driven Precision Agriculture Framework for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

The agro-food industry is quickly digitizing to solve resource restrictions, climate unpredictability, and sustainable food production using Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and data analytics. Due to rigid irrigation schedules and limited field monitoring, traditional agriculture wastes water, reduces crop yield, and harms the environment. The IoT-Driven Precision Agriculture (IoT-PA) system in this paper optimizes agricultural resource use using distributed sensor networks, real-time soil moisture and weather monitoring, and intelligent irrigation control. The proposed platform gathers environmental data, analyses field conditions, and automatically recommends irrigation to maximize crop growth and avoid water waste. Farmers may make data-driven agricultural decisions with continuous monitoring and fast notifications from the framework. The IoT-PA architecture improves irrigation efficiency, agricultural yield, and sustainable resource management compared to traditional farming. Higher agricultural production and efficient water and resource use assist Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The suggested smart agricultural system is scalable and practicable, promoting sustainable food production and environmental conservation.