Intelligent tracer technology for reservoir monitoring: A comprehensive review

Abstract Although successful field applications of intelligent tracer technology have been reported, systematic reviews dedicated to this technology remain limited. Based on a survey of the literature, this review provides a comprehensive overview of intelligent tracer technology for reservoir monitoring, covering classification systems, preparation methods, deployment strategies, monitoring mechanisms, sampling and detection technologies, interpretation methods, and field applications. Recent advances have primarily focused on sustained release mechanisms, improvements in product thermal stability, developments in detection technologies, and optimization of interpretation methods. Studies have shown that the release behaviour of intelligent tracers is influenced by factors such as polymer matrix structure, temperature, and fluid properties. Molecular structure design, core‐shell encapsulation, and polymer matrix optimization have significantly improved tracer thermal stability and service life. Meanwhile, advances in time‐resolved fluorescence, microfluidics, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical detection methods have enhanced tracer signal recognition in complex fluid systems. Field applications have demonstrated the effectiveness of intelligent tracer technology in water breakthrough monitoring, production profile interpretation, and fracturing performance evaluation. Key challenges remain, including long‐term operational stability, data interpretation and inversion accuracy, and compatibility with existing completion equipment. Future research should focus on developing novel intelligent tracer materials, improving interpretation and inversion methodologies, and advancing intelligent completion and monitoring systems. This review provides useful guidance for the further development and large‐scale application of intelligent tracer technology in reservoir monitoring.