Helicopters in Civil Protection (Wildfires)—Fleet Reserve

The use of helicopters demands very accurate management and the correct use of assets. This is crucial in achieving good performance and avoiding tasks that could be inconducive to extinguishing the fire or even cause serious accidents. In the field of civil protection, very few studies present this or a similar type of analysis for the use of helicopters. This study proposes a structured approach designed to improve the safety and operational efficiency of firefighting helicopters by integrating lessons learned from real accident case studies, supported by maintenance key performance indicators (KPI), to improve the management and use of these resources. The analyzed case studies identified recurrent operational risks associated with helicopter downwash, low-altitude operations, inadequate coordination between aerial and ground crews, and insufficient post-maintenance validation. The maintenance analysis demonstrated that an increased mean time to repair (MTTR) significantly reduces fleet availability and consequently increases reserve fleet requirements. These findings highlight the importance of integrating operational safety, maintenance management, and fleet planning to improve the reliability and readiness of aerial firefighting operations.