The Semantic Power Factor (SPF): A Complex AC Power Model for Generative AI Communication

ABSTRACT We model the LLM generated text as a complex phasor , with a grounded‐truth component and a generative‐fluidity component, drawing on the AC power identity . The resulting semantic power factor , , organizes hallucination and fabrication into four geometric quadrants and gives a single, phase‐derived readout for how a passage balances truth and fluency. We extend the framework in three directions: a two‐reference account of (external reality vs. locally‐entailed context ) that separates prompt‐originated error from generation‐time error; a sustained, device‐32‐style (reverse‐power relay) monitoring proposal for citation‐bearing spans, where fabrication is structurally well‐formed and thus falls in the same quadrant as deliberate genre fiction; and an instantaneous, device‐50‐style (overcurrent relay) check applied to prompt premises before generation, illustrated with a false‐arithmetic premise. Throughout, we present the model as an untested conceptual proposition, explicitly flag several unresolved interpretive tensions as open empirical questions and scope our strongest claims to reference‐checkable domains.