Household Waste Management Practices and Environmental Sustainability Outcomes in Lagos State, Nigeria: Evidence from Urban Households

Rapid urbanization and population growth have intensified household solid waste management challenges in Lagos State, Nigeria, with implications for environmental sustainability and public health. This study examined the relationship between household waste management practices and environmental sustainability outcomes among urban households in Lagos State. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 270 household heads, with 54 respondents randomly selected from each of five selected Local Government Areas. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. Findings revealed that disposal at designated collection points recorded the highest mean score (3.68), while recycling, composting, and waste segregation recorded lower mean scores of 3.09, 2.82, and 2.66, respectively. Respondents reported favourable environmental sustainability outcomes, particularly environmental cleanliness (Mean = 4.43) and low household-waste-related pollution (Mean = 4.40). Regression results showed a weak negative and statistically insignificant relationship between household waste management practices and environmental sustainability outcomes (β = −0.082, R² = 0.007, p = 0.249). The study concludes that household waste management practices provide limited explanation of environmental sustainability outcomes and recommends improved waste collection services, recycling incentives, and stronger institutional enforcement.