Integrating Knowledge Assets into Risk-Aware BPM: A Stakeholder-Centric Approach for E-Government Procurement

E-Government procurement systems have the potential to bring substantial enhancement in terms of transparency and efficiency, but they inherently function within high-risk environments completely filled with complex processes and great knowledge asymmetries among stakeholders. While Risk-Aware Business Process Management has advanced over recent years, the systematic integration of explicit, tacit and contextual knowledge in support of risk mitigation across the Business Process Management (BPM) lifecycle remains underexplored. To address this gap, this study introduces the Knowledge-Risk Integrated BPM (KRI-BPM) framework, which embeds knowledge assets into lifecycle-based risk governance for e-GP. Using a mixed-methods approach — including a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a two-round Delphi study and stakeholder assessments — the study develops and validates the KRI-BPM framework. The framework aligns the five BPM phases (discovery, analysis, redesign, implementation, monitoring and control) with knowledge dimensions and validated high-priority risks, and positions stakeholder groups within a knowledge–risk capability matrix. Validation through expert feedback and a Content Validity Index confirmed clarity, relevance and practical applicability of the framework. Findings reveal that e-GP resilience depends not only on embedding knowledge assets into process design, but also on reducing stakeholder knowledge asymmetries that exacerbate operational vulnerabilities. The study advances both risk-aware and knowledge-centric BPM scholarship and provides policymakers with a diagnostic tool for targeted capacity-building and governance improvement in digital procurement systems.