A holistic integrated methodology for multi-layer risk assessment in complex industrial systems

Purpose This research aims to present the Framework for Enhancing Network Integrity eXcellence (FENIX) model, integrating technological, organizational, human, and economic dimensions to enhance risk assessment in complex socio-technical systems. Design/methodology/approach The FENIX model employs fuzzy logic, multi-criteria prioritization, and non-additive aggregation methods to enhance risk assessment in complex socio-technical systems. Its applicability is demonstrated through a case study involving the introduction of a new aircraft. Findings The findings indicate that technological risks can be reduced through diagnostic and monitoring systems, whereas operational and human factors continue to play a significant role. Training, communication, and fatigue management are essential for minimizing systemic vulnerability. The economic dimension highlights the feasibility of reconciling mitigation effectiveness with financial sustainability. Practical implications The methodology assists decision-makers by optimizing the RPN, improving RTO reliability, and incorporating ERI and EPNmetrics, thereby allowing organizations to align risk management strategies with operational resilience and financial constraints. Originality/value In contrast to conventional FMEA, the FENIX framework incorporates uncertainty, nonlinear interdependencies, and cost–benefit considerations, offering a more comprehensive and flexible approach to risk prioritization and resource allocation.