How to Select Areas for Natural H2 Exploration? A Case Study in Western Colombia

Although uncertainties regarding natural hydrogen (H2) reserves remain high, exploration activity is expanding across several countries. To date, the only active production site uses this resource locally for electricity generation; however, operating companies could target industrial markets where H2 can serve as both an energy source and a chemical feedstock. Surface constraints and proximity to commercial markets will dictate distribution and utilization strategies when alternative options are available. This study introduces a novel tool that integrates surface and subsurface constraints to rank prospective exploration areas, enabling companies to identify opportunities aligned with their specific corporate profiles or business plans. The methodology is applied to western Colombia, a region characterized by many surface constraints and known H2-generating source rocks; H2 surface emanations have also been documented. Western Colombia is structurally divided by north–south mountain ranges (Cordilleras) that severely hinder east–west transportation and contribute to regional energy insecurity. Using a comprehensive data compilation, this study demonstrates how applying different weighting schemes to diverse geographical and geological parameters can optimize site selection. The Medellín area ranks highest if the target is the industrial market.