Oral and Radiographic Findings of Vitamin D Deficiency–Related Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Two Case Reports

Background: Vitamin D plays a central role in physiological functions by regulating calcium and phosphate metabolism, promoting growth, and facilitating the remodeling of bones and teeth. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) can result in hypocalcemia and the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), which may manifest with multiple oral and maxillofacial symptoms, including jaw expansion, loss of the lamina dura, root resorption, pulp obliteration, and alterations in bone density. Case: This case report presents the oral and radiographic findings of two male patients who developed SHPT due to VDD. Radiographic examination of Case 1 revealed generalized root resorption, localized loss of the lamina dura, and slight thickening of the inferior cortical layer of the mandible. In Case 2, intraoral examination demonstrated generalized alveolar ridge expansion in both jaws, pronounced diastemas between teeth, and localized loss of the lamina dura. Both patients exhibited a “ground-glass” appearance of the jawbones. Discussion: The clinical and radiographic findings in these cases are consistent with the characteristic oral features of VDD-related SHPT, including reduced bone mineralization, loss of the lamina dura and ground-glass trabeculation. Less common findings like root resorption and alveolar ridge expansion may indicate more advanced metabolic disturbance. Conclusions: These cases emphasize the importance of recognizing oral and radiographic indicators of VDD-related SHPT, enabling timely diagnosis and appropriate interdisciplinary management.Key Words: Parathyroid hormone, dentistry, vitamin D