HEVA Framework-Based MGWR Spatial Diagnosis and Vitality Remodeling of Linear Green Spaces in Cold-Climate Cities

Urban public spaces in cold-climate cities commonly face the challenge of seasonal vitality attenuation. Taking the central urban area of Shenyang as a case study, this paper constructs a HEVA four-dimensional framework based on “spatial diagnosis, mechanism analysis, and design response.” By integrating Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) with GIS spatial analysis, the study reveals the spatial heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of winter vitality attenuation in linear green spaces. The findings are threefold: (1) Winter wind fields induce significant local wind-chill effects that severely suppress winter stay vitality in green spaces; (2) MGWR results show that greenery coverage exhibits a predominantly positive effect (approximately 81% of sample points have positive coefficients), bus stop density exhibits a “bifurcated spatial pattern”, with positive coefficients at approximately 53% of sample points and negative at the remaining 47%, indicating a highly localized effect., commercial service density is positive across the entire study area (100% positive), building density is predominantly negative (approximately 87%), and road network density has a relatively weak effect; (3) Based on the above mechanisms, a three-pronged elastic design strategy system is proposed, encompassing “climate-adaptive regulation, functional composite implantation, and regional cultural response.” This study explores a data-driven, mechanism-guided geospatial design pathway for the renewal of underperforming spaces in cold-climate cities. The generalizability of the methodological framework warrants further validation through multi-city and multi-seasonal data.