Synergistic EMHD control and multi-objective optimization of ternary hybrid nanofluid flowing over radiatively active porous panel

Magnetohydrodynamic flows of ternary hybrid nanofluids have attracted considerable attention owing to their promising applications in advanced thermal management and next-generation high-power electronics cooling. However, despite their superior thermophysical properties, most existing magnetohydrodynamic studies neglect the electric field contribution in the Lorentz force formulation and fail to systematically optimize nanoparticle morphology and volumetric fractions under coupled electric and magnetic fields, leaving a critical thermo-hydraulic research gap. This study aims to optimize ternary hybrid nanofluid thermo-hydraulic performance by incorporating the electric field into the Lorentz force formulation and determining the optimal nanoparticle volumetric fractions. The mathematical model considers steady, incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through a dynamically altering porous panel under electro-magnetohydrodynamic conditions with thermal radiation. Furthermore, velocity slip, Joule heating, and varying nanoparticle configurations are considered within the boundary layer constraints. The governing differential equations are solved using a hybrid methodology combining the Adomian decomposition method with numerical validation via the Runge–Kutta (RK45) technique. Parametric analyses reveal that nanoparticle morphology and concentration deeply dictate flow dynamics, showing that ternary hybrid nanofluids outperform conventional nanofluids, provided the nanoparticle selection is tailored specifically to either velocity or thermal optimization. Furthermore, increasing electric field intensity boosts flow velocity via boundary-layer propulsion, while enhancing convective heat transfer. This highlights a critical thermo-rheological trade-off, where optimal dynamic performance requires different nanoparticle configurations than thermal enhancement. Ultimately, the proposed electro-magnetohydrodynamics-controlled ternary hybrid nanofluids serve as tunable smart supercooling fluids for energy-efficient engineering applications.