The Pediatric Hospitalist: A Survey of What We Do and Where We Are Going

BACKGROUND: Pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) is undergoing structural transitions, including the discontinuation of the practice pathway to board certification and changes to pediatric resident training, decreasing inpatient exposure. In this context, understanding the composition, roles, and sustainability of the current PHM workforce is critical. This study describes (1) the scope of clinical and nonclinical roles of pediatric hospitalists, (2) factors correlating with differences in teaching, scholarship, and leadership roles, and (3) workforce sustainability. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, adapted from the 2021 PHM workforce survey, was distributed from July to September 2024 to individual emails obtained from societal lists and a list of division/group leaders. Participants identifying as a physician or advanced practice provider currently practicing PHM were included. Trainees were excluded. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 2932 individuals and 1060 responded (response rate 36.2%). Participants were from all US geographic regions and worked in various employment models. Most respondents worked full time (88.6%) and provided direct patient care (99.6%). Respondents engaged in nonclinical activities, including teaching (92.9%), research and scholarship (62.3%), and administration (53.6%), although participation varied by employment model, academic appointment, board status, gender, and career stage. Many planned to decrease clinical time (43.8%) and night or evening shifts (36.5%). CONCLUSION: PHM is characterized by broad professional engagement, yet nonclinical responsibilities and perceptions of sustainability vary. As certification and training structures evolve, continued workforce planning and monitoring will be important to support the workforce.