The diminishing polyads of parenting: exploring cultural perspectives of ‘good parenting' using grounded theory analysis

Introduction This study investigates Italian parents' perceptions of ‘good parenting' and cultural variations. 250 mothers and 87 fathers were surveyed during the third trimester, with follow-ups at 6–12 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Methods Using Grounded Theory Analysis, data underwent iterative coding, forming lower and higher order codes, super-categories, and themes. Results The resulting theory, ‘The diminishing polyads of parenting,' identifies four themes for mothers and three for fathers. Mothers prioritize emotional presence, self-sacrifice, and role balance, while fathers focus more on physical presence and active involvement. Discussion The study advocates for a gender-neutral approach to supporting diverse family dynamics, recognizing evolving parental views and societal norms' impact. Inclusive interventions and policies can better aid families in their parenting journey.