*Roebuck's Law 7: Steady-State Maintenance as Flux Control

This methods preprint defines a maintained nonequilibrium steady state as time-invariant selected state variables supported by balanced throughput and stable control response, not zero flux or equilibrium. Version 2 uses continuous- and discrete-time state-space stability criteria and keeps control energy, actuator limits, robustness, and failure state inside the ledger. No controller performance is represented as experimentally validated. d.