Fostering sustainability transformation through effective collaboration among stakeholders

Achieving the ambitious goal of net-zero emissions and carbon neutrality involves a complex, transformative process requiring effective collaboration across multiple sectors and scales. Although stakeholder engagement is well documented in sustainability transformation research, critical reflection on the nature of such engagement remains limited. The factors that hinder or facilitate effective collaboration among diverse stakeholders with varying visions, interests, and priorities remain poorly understood. In this Perspective, we analyse the challenges and opportunities of effective collaboration and identify mechanisms to strengthen cooperation, thereby improving prospects for successful sustainability transformation. Our reflections seek to guide stakeholders engaged in sustainability transformation and enhance partnerships for a sustainable future.