Time Has Started Long Before Big Bang

This paper presents a proposed cyclical cosmological framework in which spacetime geometry is hypothesized to extend beyond our local sub-universe into the larger Mega-Universe. Within this extended geometry, collapse, bounce, and external gravitational coupling are formulated as proposed mechanisms whose governing equations remain to be developed. Three quantitative focal points are the Critical Mass--Radius Scale, External Gravity Coupling, and Asymmetry Signature. The numerical analysis establishes characteristic mass and acceleration scales, while the proposed bounce dynamics, external-gravity mechanism, and asymmetry inheritance remain hypotheses requiring further derivation. Proposed observational signatures include a possible ultraviolet-to-blue-shifted-visible sequence and potential relic asymmetry in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. By integrating gravitational mechanics, horizon scaling, and asymmetry encoding within extended spacetime geometry, this framework investigates whether cosmic acceleration, matter--antimatter asymmetry, and the initial singular regime can be described within a broader cyclical picture.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-08-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21997305
Primary Topic
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Type
preprint
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preprint

Time Has Started Long Before Big Bang

Shanmugasundaram U
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
preprint

Time Has Started Long Before Big Bang

Shanmugasundaram U
preprint en

Abstract

This paper presents a proposed cyclical cosmological framework in which spacetime geometry is hypothesized to extend beyond our local sub-universe into the larger Mega-Universe. Within this extended geometry, collapse, bounce, and external gravitational coupling are formulated as proposed mechanisms whose governing equations remain to be developed. Three quantitative focal points are the Critical Mass--Radius Scale, External Gravity Coupling, and Asymmetry Signature. The numerical analysis establishes characteristic mass and acceleration scales, while the proposed bounce dynamics, external-gravity mechanism, and asymmetry inheritance remain hypotheses requiring further derivation. Proposed observational signatures include a possible ultraviolet-to-blue-shifted-visible sequence and potential relic asymmetry in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. By integrating gravitational mechanics, horizon scaling, and asymmetry encoding within extended spacetime geometry, this framework investigates whether cosmic acceleration, matter--antimatter asymmetry, and the initial singular regime can be described within a broader cyclical picture.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
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Time Has Started Long Before Big Bang — Shanmugasundaram U · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS