A dual perspective on carbon capture technologies in Egypt and the UAE from direct air to deep storage

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) levels are continuously increasing due to different human activities such as energy generation, industrial activities and industry emissions. This rise in CO 2 levels participated in development of global warming phenomena, raising earth temperature and climate change. This review paper reviews one of the solutions proposed to mitigate CO 2 levels, which is Direct Air Capture (DAC) including comparison between five different DAC methods. Moreover, this review is the first comparative review combines between Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS) methods and Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) deployment in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in addition to comparing various scaling-up projects implemented in different countries. BED&SITRA and Obaiyed were the main discussed storage sites in Egypt enhanced by sensitivity analysis while in UAE it was, Emirates Steel Industries (ESI), Al Reyadah, and Emirates Aluminum (EMAL). The scaling-up projects capacities was between 350 to half tonCO 2 annually with carbon dioxide purity exceeds 70% in most of the projects. Overall, this review focused on providing a comprehensive overview of Direct Air Capture (DAC), covering capture technologies, deployment routes, CO 2 storage opportunities, challenges and different scaling-up DAC systems and implementation through reviewing relevant scholarly literature and wide range of studies.