DESIGN AND PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IoT ENABLED SMART POTABLE WATER MONITORING SYSTEM

DESIGN AND PROTOTYPE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN IoT ENABLED SMART POTABLE WATER MONITORING SYSTEM 1Kuntal Maiti, 2Mehabub Alam Shah, 3Arindam Khatua, 4Nilkantha Reja, 5Saket Kumar, 6Kushal Roy 1,2,3,4,5UG student, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 6Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal ABSTRACT This paper presents the design, simulation, and prototype realization of a compact dual-band microstrip patch antenna intended for wireless applications. A dual-band dual-mode structure that resonates at 2.7 GHz and 5.3 GHz is obtained by inserting two parallel I-shaped slots into the radiating patch. The slots create the second resonance while preserving a simple, low-profile geometry. The antenna is first dimensioned with the standard microstrip design equations and then refined through parametric sweeps in HFSS/CST on a 1.2 mm thick Arlon substrate (εᵣ = 2.2). The optimized design yields return losses of –21.38 dB at 2.7 GHz and –23.04 dB at 5.3 GHz, together with broadside gains of approximately 7.33 dB and 7.38 dB, respectively. Radiation-pattern analysis shows predominantly broadside radiation at the lower frequency and additional lobes at 5.3 GHz arising from higher-order modes. A physical prototype is fabricated by PCB etching, fitted with an SMA connector, and measured. The measured results confirm the simulated performance, demonstrating that the antenna is well suited to compact dual-band use in WLAN, LTE and related wireless systems.