In vitro antioxidant and anticoagulant potential of ethanolic extract from Pennisetum hybridum

Pennisetum hybridum, a high-biomass perennial grass derived from elephant grass and pearl millet, has recently gained attention as a potential source of functional bioactive compounds.This study evaluated the polyphenol content and in vitro antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of a 60% (v/v) ethanolic extract prepared from P. hybridum.The extraction yield was 14.9±2.3%, and the total polyphenol content was 64.4±3.0 μg gallic acid equivalents/mg extract.The extract exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activities.The EC 50 values were 271.0±3.8 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, 118.8±0.2 μg/mL for 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation scavenging, 212.9±6.4 μg/mL for reducing power, and 809.8±70.9μg/mL for nitrite scavenging.In addition, the extract demonstrated measurable anticoagulant activity.At 3.7 mg/mL, it prolonged both prothrombin time and thrombin time by approximately 1.5-fold relative to the control.These results demonstrate that P. hybridum possesses notable antioxidant and anticoagulant properties, which may be associated with its relatively high polyphenol content.Collectively, the findings suggest that P. hybridum has potential as a natural source of functional ingredients for applications in the food, nutraceutical, and animal feed industries.