Binary Flow: A Phase-Based Emergent Theory of Mass, Spin, and Cosmic Evolution

We present a novel theoretical framework, Binary Flow Theory, in which physical particles and spacetime structures emerge from the synchronization of phase oscillations of a single fundamental vacuum frequency. This frequency, ω₀ = 2mₑc²/ℏ, is shown to generate the entire spectrum of elementary particles as harmonic modes, with the electron as its first stable resonance. We derive a coherence volume V⁰ = 2 ħ G² mₑ / c⁵, which defines the minimal spacetime cell. From this, we recover the ionization energy of hydrogen, the muon mass as the first harmonic, and a discrete expansion history of the universe. The theory provides a unified algebraic description of interactions, masses, and cosmic evolution, with predictions that are testable against experimental data. We propose this as a minimal, falsifiable alternative to the Standard Model and inflationary cosmology. Note: For a detailed derivation of the base formalism and the scale-factor evolution, the reader is referred to our companion preprint [10.5281/zenodo.21907254], which consolidates the results of our earlier works.