The Role of NLRP3 in Gouty Arthritis and the Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals

Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals, with a complex pathogenesis. Although current therapies can alleviate symptoms, they are often accompanied by considerable side effects. Phytochemicals, as natural bioactive compounds, have attracted increasing attention due to their diverse pharmacological activities and relatively low toxicity. Emerging evidence indicates that the NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade of GA. Its excessive activation not only exacerbates joint inflammation but also contributes to tissue damage. This review aims to provide a systematic overview of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in GA and to highlight the potential therapeutic applications of phytochemicals that modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity, thereby offering a theoretical basis for the development of novel natural medicines.