Memory-in-Transformation: Toward a Temporal Theory of Urban Landscape Transformation, Heritage, and Memory

Urban landscapes are increasingly understood as dynamic systems in which natural, cultural, and socio-spatial layers continuously overlap and evolve. Within this perspective, heritage and memory are often treated as stable qualities of place, to be preserved or restored amid ongoing urban transformation. This paper challenges that static understanding by advancing memory-in-transformation, a theoretical framework positioned within the broader concept of Temporal Urbanism. Drawing on an integrative synthesis of landscape theory, critical heritage studies, memory studies, and urban theory, the paper argues that urban landscape transformation does not simply affect heritage and memory but actively produces, reconfigures, and redefines them over time. The framework rests on three interrelated dimensions: temporal layering, mediated interpretation, and dialectical production, through which transformation operates as a mediating process linking spatial change, collective memory, and the continuous formation of heritage landscapes. Illustrative cases (Superkilen, Copenhagen; the Slussen redevelopment, Stockholm) show how transformation can destabilize existing heritage while generating new heritage systems. The paper further introduces the notion of temporal justice, foregrounding whose memories are sustained or marginalized in processes of change, and outlines new directions for research and practice in heritage urbanism, land-use planning, landscape architecture, and sustainable urban development.