Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Solar Photovoltaic Monitoring System with Cloud Analytics

Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Solar Photovoltaic Monitoring System with Cloud Analytics 1Sneha Burnwal, 2Yash Shashwat, 3Somnath Maity, 4Santanu Maity, 5Kisalaya Chakrabarti, 6Kalyan Sundar Kola 1,2,3UG student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 4,5,6 Faculty Members, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal ABSTRACT The growing dependence on renewable energy has established solar photovoltaic (PV) generation as one of the most widely deployed sustainable energy sources. The output of a PV installation, however, varies continuously with solar irradiance, ambient temperature, dust accumulation, partial shading, and module ageing, and faults that develop between manual inspections often remain undetected for extended periods. This study presents a low-cost IoT-based smart solar monitoring system that measures the electrical and environmental parameters of a PV panel in real time. A 0–25 V resistive voltage sensor and an ACS712 Hall-effect current sensor are interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller, which digitises the readings, applies calibration coefficients, and computes instantaneous power and cumulative energy on the device itself. The processed values are transmitted over Wi-Fi to a cloud platform, where live readings and time-series trends for voltage, current, power, and energy are presented on a dashboard accessible from any browser or mobile device. A local display provides on-site indication, while threshold-based logic flags open-circuit, short-circuit, and low-yield conditions. Field testing on a small PV panel confirmed continuous logging and remote visualisation of the generated data. The system provides an affordable and scalable solution for performance supervision and early fault detection in domestic, institutional, and agricultural PV installations.