Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Patients Attending a Public Assisted Reproduction Unit and Factors Associated with the Type of Technique Used

Objective: To describe the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients treated in a public assisted reproduction unit and to analyze the association between these characteristics and the type of assisted reproductive technique used. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, descriptive-analytical study was conducted including patients who initiated or underwent assisted reproductive techniques at a tertiary public hospital in Andalusia between January and June 2025. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected from electronic medical records and analyzed using bivariate and multivariate models. The main outcome was the type of assisted reproductive technique used. Results: A total of 222 patients were included. The mean age was 34.70 years (SD 3.99), and most were employed, nonsmokers, and of normal weight. Heterosexual couples were the most frequent family model, although single mothers by choice and female couples also represented a substantial proportion of the cohort. In the adjusted multivariable model, older maternal age (aOR = 1.19, p = 0.004), male factor infertility (aOR = 5.07, p = 0.026), and mixed factor infertility (aOR = 5.43, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with higher odds of undergoing high-complexity techniques. Conversely, urban residence (aOR = 0.24, p = 0.003) and single motherhood by choice (aOR = 0.12, p = 0.010) were significantly associated with lower odds of high-complexity techniques (and higher reliance on low-complexity procedures). Educational level, BMI, smoking status, and structural uterine pathology showed no independent association with technique complexity. Structural uterine pathology was among the most frequent gynecological findings, but no independent association with high-complexity techniques was demonstrated in the adjusted analysis. New family models accounted for 23.6% of the cohort, including 16.67% single mothers by choice and 6.94% female couples. Conclusions: In this cohort, the type of assisted reproductive technique used was mainly associated with clinical factors and family model rather than with the sociodemographic variables analyzed. These findings describe patterns of technique selection in a public assisted reproduction unit, but do not directly assess access to care.