SMART GEO-FENCING AND REAL-TIME DISTANCE MONITORING SYSTEM USING GPS, GSM AND ESP32

SMART GEO-FENCING AND REAL-TIME DISTANCE MONITORING SYSTEM USING GPS, GSM AND ESP32 1Parthiv Bhattacharyya, 2Satyik Mitra, 3Prianshu Mitra, 4Priyam Das, 5Priyam Barman, 6Malay Kumar Pandit 1,2,5UG student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 3,4Dept. of Computer Science Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 6Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal ABSTRACT Geo-fencing enables the definition of virtual geographical boundaries for automated monitoring and alert generation. This paper presents a portable real-time geo-fencing system integrating a Neo-6M GPS receiver, ESP32 microcontroller, SIM800L GSM module, OLED display, buzzer, and battery-based power supply. The system acquires GPS coordinates and calculates the distance from a predefined geo-fence centre using the Haversine formula to determine the current zone status. A ±5 m hysteresis band is incorporated to minimize false boundary transitions caused by GPS fluctuations. On detecting a confirmed violation, the ESP32 activates a local buzzer and transmits an SMS through the GSM module using AT commands, with a 60 s alert cooldown to prevent repeated notifications. The reported prototype achieved approximately ±3.2 m average distance error, 100% violation detection across 10 trials, SMS delivery within 3 s, and approximately 4.5 h of operation under the stated test condition. The system demonstrates a low-cost and portable approach for outdoor real-time monitoring