Chronic Osteomyelitis or Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mandible: A Case Report With Diagnostic Challenges

It is not uncommon for many of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to encounter diagnostic delays due to the similarity of their initial presentations with other jaw lesions. The present case report discusses jaw pain after a dental extraction, initially attributed to chronic osteomyelitis. After long and multiple diagnostic and prognostic procedures, the patient had mandibulectomy, neck dissection, and reconstruction for histopathologically substantiating stage pT4a OSCC. Delays in treatment may necessitate more aggressive interventions. Improved clinical awareness, telemedicine, enhanced doctor-patient communication, and refined diagnostic protocols contribute to better outcomes. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of OSCC, particularly its ability to mimic chronic osteomyelitis. A delayed diagnosis emphasises the need for early recognition and intervention. While imaging aids in initial assessment, histopathology is crucial for a definitive diagnosis.