Emerging Device-Based Hardware Security Primitives: From CMOS PUFs to Ferroelectric and Memristive Technologies

The necessity for strong and inherent security methods in contemporary integrated circuits has increased due to the expanding number of linked systems and the growing threat of hardware-level assaults. True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) and Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have become important hardware security primitives that make use of device variability to allow safe authentication and cryptographic key generation. In addition to new implementations based on ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs), resistive random-access memory (RRAM), and memristive technologies, this review provides a thorough analysis of both traditional CMOS-based and emerging devices-based security primitives, such as SRAM, Ring Oscillator, Arbiter, and XOR PUFs. Entropy sources, security measures including uniqueness, dependability, and uniformity, and the impacts of aging and the environment on device performance are all methodically examined in this article.