Deepening into innovation support services: functions, barriers and opportunities for integration within the AKIS

Purpose This study investigates how Innovation Support Services (ISS) are concretely implemented within EIP-Agri Operational Groups (OGs) in Italy, analysing which functions are implemented, by whom, and with what limitations. By linking empirical evidence to the ISS functional framework, the study aims to understand the extent to which OGs mobilise the full spectrum of ISS functions and to identify systemic gaps and opportunities for their strengthening.Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining desk analysis of the national OGs database, an online survey, and focus groups. The ISS functional framework guides data collection and analysis, enabling empirical validation of the seven functions within the OGs context.Findings The study shows that the ISS framework provides a coherent structure for interpreting innovation support within OGs, revealing a consistent imbalance between basic services and strategic functions. While dissemination and resource access are widely implemented, core functions for transformative impact, such as demand articulation and scaling support, remain underdelivered. This reflects a persistent reliance on linear approaches and a regulatory environment that privileges administrative outputs over strategic brokerage.Practical implications This study highlights the need for policymakers to strategically support key ISS functions. The validated ISS framework offers a practical instrument for Managing Authorities to design and monitor ISS provision within CAP Strategic Plans.Theoretical implications By testing the ISS framework in multi-actor settings, the study advances conceptual understanding of how ISS functions operate across innovation phases and provides evidence on functional gaps that limit the transformative potential of OGs.Originality/values This study transforms the ISS framework into an actionable decision tool, providing a unique empirical validation that bridges the gap between European policy rhetoric and grounded innovation brokerage.