The effect of loading speed and axes on the mechanical properties of safflower seeds with different moisture contents

In this study, the mechanical properties of seeds belonging to ‘Shifa’ and ‘Remzibey-05’ safflower varieties were determined based on different moisture contents, loading axes, and loading speeds. Three different moisture levels, three loading axes (x-, y-, z-), and three loading speeds (30, 60, 90 mm min-1) were tested in the experiments. Generally, it was observed that safflower seeds are affected by the loading axis and speed at different moisture contents. Rupture force, deformation, rupture energy, and power required for rupture were significantly (p