Research progress on biomarkers of blast lung injury: Transition from traditional indicators to novel molecular markers

Blast lung injury (BLI) poses great challenges for early diagnosis and precise treatment. This review systematically summarizes the evolution of relevant biomarkers from conventional inflammatory indicators to newly identified molecular markers related to cell injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic regulation. It also discusses imaging combination strategies, multi-omics applications, current translational obstacles, and future research trends. This work provides valuable theoretical references for improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing prognostic evaluation, and developing targeted therapies for BLI.