Mechanical characterisation and selection criteria for 17-4PH and H-13 processed by bound metal deposition for automotive applications

Purpose This novel study quantifies and correlates the mechanical properties of 17-4PH and H-13 parts produced by bound metal deposition (BMD) with their corresponding composition, internal microstructure and metallurgical features. The purpose of this study is to establish a predictive understanding of how BMD process parameters influence the final properties of these critical tooling materials. Design/methodology/approach Specimens of 17-4PH (AISI 630) and H-13 (AISI H13) steels were fabricated using a BMD printer and sintered according to the equipment manufacturer’s standard process parameters. The resulting parts were then subjected to comprehensive characterisation, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, tensile and hardness testing, and quantitative metallography, to evaluate their mechanical properties and microstructural features. Findings 17-4PH and H-13 specimens exhibited significantly different yield, tensile and hardness values. Microstructural analysis revealed substantial differences in internal structure. As-sintered 17-4PH parts showed a large internal hollow space, indicating incomplete densification. H-13 parts displayed a homogenous microstructure with an insignificant inner cavity. Metallurgical details and hardness variations are reported. Practical implications These findings enable AM manufacturers to strategically select 17-4PH or H-13 for tooling, spares and prototype applications, facilitating the production of components with tailored mechanical performance through optimised BMD processing. Originality/value This work provides AM manufacturers with novel knowledge to best select 17-4PH or H-13 manufactured by AM for tooling applications, mainly for the automotive industry, facilitating the production of components with tailored mechanical performance through optimised BMD processing.