Royal Jelly Unveiled: Composition, Biological Functions, and Emerging Health Applications

A nutrient-rich fluid made by worker honeybees, Royal Jelly (RJ) has many potential health advantages and is essential to colony development. The major proteins (MRJPs), antimicrobial peptides, antioxidants, hormones, lipids, carbohydrates, and important micronutrients are the main topics of this review, which also examines the biological roles and composition of royal jelly. Bioactive substances as royalactin, jelleines, and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) support its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory qualities. Its therapeutic promise in areas including tissue repair, immunological modulation, and metabolic health is also highlighted in the article along with new research. Royal jelly’s wider use in human nutrition and health may be made possible by better understanding of its molecular complexity.