Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Application of Lupinus angustifolius in Cosmetics and Food Industry

Lupins have been cultivated since ancient times. Poland ranks second in the world in terms of lupin cultivation area (second only to Australia), particularly for narrow-leaved lupin. It is used in various industries. The purpose of this review is to analyze data on the chemical composition of narrow-leaved lupin in comparison with other species of this genus, as well as to identify its potential applications. The literature data characterize narrow-leaved lupin in terms of its content of protein, lectins, fat, carotenoids, phytosterols, fiber, sugars, alkaloids, vitamins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, volatile organic compounds, and micro- and macronutrients. Due to its interesting qualitative and quantitative composition, this species may play a significant role in human nutrition—not only as an alternative source of protein, but above all as a source of health-promoting compounds. Studies conducted on humans and animals have demonstrated a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effects. In addition, in vitro studies suggest anticancer effects. Among the tangible outcomes of research and commercialization efforts is the availability on the consumer market of food and cosmetic products containing lupin. Due to its properties, this species has a wide range of applications. However, to meet the requirements of various industrial sectors, a collaborative approach is necessary among plant breeders, scientists, and industry representatives working to improve this species. Only through joint efforts can the use of narrow-leaved lupin be expanded.