Multi-Stakeholder Governance Pathways for Tourism Destination Value Recovery After Crises: An fsQCA Study

This study investigates how multi-stakeholder participation is associated with tourism destination value recovery after crises. Drawing on 20 tourism crisis cases from 2017 to 2023 in China, this study develops a multidimensional outcome framework integrating economic contribution, market performance, and tourist perceived value. The entropy weight method is used to measure destination value recovery, and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is applied to identify configurational pathways. The results show that no single stakeholder condition is necessary for recovery. Six configurations are identified and grouped into collaborative governance, local endogenous empowerment, and external pressure-driven pathways. Government institutional response (D) appears in several sufficient configurations, but it should be interpreted as a configurational condition rather than an independent driver. The study contributes to sustainable tourism governance by explaining how different stakeholder combinations form pathways associated with post-crisis value recovery.