Dynamic Response and Seismic Resilience of a Subway Station Subjected to Oblique SV-Wave Incidence

To investigate the influence of oblique SV-wave incidence on the dynamic response and seismic resilience of subway stations, the viscoelastic artificial boundary combined with the equivalent nodal force method was used to implement the oblique SV-wave input, and a 3D soil-structure interaction finite element model was developed. The results indicate that when subjected to oblique SV-wave incidence at small angles, the subway station structure is dominated by shear deformation. Then, the rocking response gradually rises as the angle increases. At the near-critical-angle incidence, both the rocking angle and inter-story drift ratio increase sharply, resulting in exacerbated structural damage and a degradation of lateral stiffness. Time-history analyses were conducted using 11 ground-motion records, and seismic resilience was assessed through Monte Carlo simulation. Compared with vertical incidence, the results show that oblique incidence at the near-critical angle significantly degrades the structure’s seismic resilience. Its resilience rating drops significantly. Repair costs and repair time are much higher than the values at vertical incidence. The structure’s functional recoverability was substantially reduced. The rating for the casualty index decreased sharply, exposing serious safety hazards. These results indicate that resilience assessments derived from vertical incidence cause the seismic resilience of subway stations to be overestimated.