Functional Materials for the Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils: A Review

Soil arsenic contamination is an increasingly serious global environmental problem that poses substantial risks to environmental safety and human health. With ongoing advances in green remediation technologies, functional materials have become important for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils because of their tailored remediation properties and potential for engineering application. This review systematically examines the remediation performance of functional materials derived from carbon-based materials, natural polymers, metals and metal oxides, and industrial solid wastes. The performance characteristics, modification approaches, and arsenic immobilization mechanisms are also summarized. Finally, recommendations and future directions for the development of functional materials for arsenic-contaminated soil remediation are provided to guide further research.