A cross-sectional study on quality of life and self-care practices among filarial lymphoedema patients in Palakkad District, Kerala, India

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a leading cause of chronic physical disability worldwide, with India contributing nearly 40% of the global burden. The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is based on two key pillars: interruption of transmission through annual mass drug administration and morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP). MMDP plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life of individuals affected by chronic manifestations such as lymphoedema. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 LF patients in Palakkad district, Kerala, to assess their QoL, self-care practices, and factors influencing QoL. Quality of life was measured using the Lymphatic Filariasis-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (LFSQQ). Data on socio-demographic characteristics and self-care behaviors were also collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of QoL. The mean QoL score was 55.77 ± 9.95, with a median of 55.97 (interquartile range: 50.9–59.8). Reduced frequency of filarial fever episodes was significantly associated with improved QoL, with each reduction in episode frequency resulting in a 4.5-unit increase in QoL score ( p = .001). Regular physical activity, particularly walking for at least 30 min daily, and appropriate limb hygiene practices, including drying limbs with soft materials, were also significantly associated with better QoL. Having another family member affected by LF showed a borderline positive association with QoL. Quality of life among LF patients is influenced by modifiable factors such as fever control, physical activity, limb hygiene, and family support. Although these components are included within existing MMDP strategies, greater emphasis on sustained lymphoedema management practices is required to improve the quality of life of affected individuals.