System analysis of modern approaches and ways of developing the organization of tool-making

The article presents a systematic analysis of modern methodological, organizational and technical approaches to the organization of the tool industry of machine-building enterprises in an unstable environment. Based on the generalization of classical theoretical works and the latest scientific publications, four main directions of the evolution of management of the instrumental economy have been identified and characterized in detail.: system integration, covering all stages of the tooling lifecycle; digital transformation, which translates planning and control into real-time mode; adaptation of lean manufacturing tools to the specifics of tool services; structural restructuring aimed at creating vertically integrated centralized systems in response to the challenges of import substitution. A comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of each approach has been carried out, and a number of significant contradictions have been identified in the modern literature, including the gap between theoretical models and implementation practice, methodological conflict in assessing the effectiveness of tool farming and the lack of mechanisms for synergetic combination of heterogeneous tools. It is shown that the integrative methodology combining system, digital, lean and adaptive solutions has the greatest potential to increase the flexibility, reliability and cost-effectiveness of tool support in Russian engineering. Promising directions for further research are formulated, including the development of a multi-criteria system for evaluating the effectiveness of tool farming and an algorithm for choosing the optimal combination of organizational approaches. The work is addressed to researchers in the field of production organization, managers and engineers of industrial enterprises involved in the modernization of the tool infrastructure.