Stakeholder perspectives informing the design and development of a digital self-help intervention for healthy aging and mental well-being among older adults in urban India: a qualitative study

Abstract Background India’s older adult population is rapidly increasing, accompanied by a growing burden of common mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cognitive concerns. Promoting healthy aging and preventive mental healthcare has therefore become an important public health priority. Digital health interventions have emerged as promising approaches for improving access to preventive and supportive care among older adults. This study gathers perspectives from older adults, caregivers, and experts to develop content for a self-help digital intervention for older adults (≥ 60 years) in India, with a focus on healthy aging and the prevention of common mental health problems. Methods A qualitative study, following the COREQ guideline, was conducted from January through September 2024 at two sites in India. Participants included community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years and their caregivers, as well as experts from diverse medical and allied health disciplines. Data were collected using FGDs, IDIs, KIIs, and free-listing. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Transcripts were systematically coded, and codes were grouped into themes across predefined analytical domains. Results Regular sleep routines, a balanced diet, and physical activity and exercise were considered beneficial for healthy aging. Furthermore, stress management, steering clear of negative thoughts, and practicing meditation were cited as essential for optimum mental health. Health management tips, exercise tutorials, dietary guidelines, mental healthcare advice, and sleep hygiene tips are expected in digital interventions. Conclusions The findings suggest that digital interventions tailored to the sociocultural needs of older adults may play an important role in promoting healthy aging and supporting mental well-being in India. Stakeholder-informed digital modules addressing physical health, sleep, emotional well-being, social connectedness, and self-care practices may enhance engagement, accessibility, and preventive mental healthcare among older adults. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and long-term sustainability of such interventions in larger and more diverse populations.