Sensitive electrochemical and hepatoprotective assessment of polyphenols in <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> -based pharmaceutical products

extracts. Furthermore, the hepatoprotective effects of these pharmaceuticals against lead acetate-induced liver injury were evaluated in Wistar rats. For this purpose, fifty adult male rats were divided into five groups. Group I, the control, received distilled water. Group II was subjected to oral administration of lead acetate at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight (B.W), equivalent to 1/10th LD50, for one week. Groups III, IV, and V received the same initial treatment as Group II, followed by a 10-day administration of 105 mg/kg BW Immunvita, 75 mg/kg BW Immulone, or 50 mg/kg BW C-Mune, respectively. Relative to the control, lead acetate ingestion markedly elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Co-administration of the examined pharmaceuticals significantly mitigated the elevation of liver enzymes (ALP, AST, GGT) and counteracted the adverse hepatic changes induced by lead acetate, demonstrating their potential for hepatoprotective effects. Serum ALT levels remained above control values after treatment, likely due to persistent hepatocyte injury or the limited duration of supplementation.