Characterisation of Late Roman wall paintings from Antandros Terrace House, Türkiye

Abstract This study examines the material and microstructural characteristics of Late Roman wall paintings from the Terrace House complex in Antandros, Türkiye. To expand the limited archaeometric database for Anatolian traditions, the plaster layers and pigments were characterized using a multi-analytical approach (SEM-EDS, PLM, FTIR, XRF, and Raman spectroscopy). Results reveal a controlled, multi-layered plaster structure consisting of a lime-and-sand intonaco beneath a polished marble-dust marmorino finish. Paint layers, formulated with red ochre, green earth, yellow ochre, and calcite, were applied either directly onto the marmorino or a thin lime wash. These material choices and execution techniques align with the broader Late Roman tradition, demonstrating clear technological continuity between the Empire’s central provinces and Anatolia. Ultimately, this research provides fundamental data on Late Roman painting techniques, establishing a solid baseline for future conservation interventions.