A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Stigma and Coping Strategies Among Postoperative Patients With Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer survival rates have improved globally, yet many postoperative patients experience stigma—a psychosocial burden arising from public discrimination, self-image disturbance, and cultural beliefs. However, while some qualitative studies in China have described stigma in patients with breast cancer, few specifically focus on postoperative patients and provide systematic, in-depth guidance for nursing practice. Objective: This study aimed to explore the sources, impacts, and coping strategies of stigma among postoperative patients with breast cancer, with the goal of providing actionable guidance for nursing practice. Interventions/Methods: Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 women who underwent breast cancer surgery at 3 tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province, China. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s 7-step method. Results: Three main themes emerged: sources of stigma (public stigma, internalized stigma, and unfamiliarity with the disease), impacts (disturbed self-image, self-doubt, inability to work, and guilt), and coping strategies. A novel coping strategy—“normalization through shared experience”—was identified, where encountering “similar others” in clinical settings reduced fear and isolation. Strong spousal and peer support further alleviated shame. Conclusions: Stigma profoundly affects the psychosocial well-being and social reintegration of breast cancer survivors. Peer normalization and supportive relationships serve as key protective factors. Implications for Practice: Nurses should proactively screen for stigma using open-ended questions, facilitate peer support networks, and provide family education to strengthen spousal understanding. Integrating these strategies into discharge planning can enhance patients’ social reintegration and quality of life.