Prevalence and Beliefs Regarding Homosexuality in North India: A Cross-sectional Survey of College Students

Introduction: Sexuality is a complex aspect of human behavior mediated by desires, emotions, orientation, and identity. Historically, homosexuality has been stigmatized as a sin or disorder, but contemporary views recognize it as a natural variant of human sexuality. In India, societal attitudes toward homosexuality are gradually shifting, though challenges remain. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of same-sex orientation, understand views regarding homosexuality, and perceived factors influencing sexual orientation among college students. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 256 college students aged 18–25 across three educational institutions—medical, engineering, and general education colleges. Data collection involved a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic details, sexual history, and views on homosexuality. Statistical analysis was performed, with results presented as means, standard deviations, and proportions. Result: The findings, with an 85.3% response rate, revealed the prevalence of same-sex orientation to be 3.7%, with 1.3% identifying as asexual. Among those with same-sex orientation, 22.2% were closeted and 44.4% openly homosexual. Most (93.4%) viewed homosexuality as morally neutral, attributing it to the environment (52%), media (66%), and biology (53%). Conclusion: The study highlights a modest prevalence of homosexuality among Indian college students, with evolving societal perceptions. Despite persistent stigma, increased visibility and acceptance are essential for individuals to express their true selves. Further longitudinal research is needed to explore the dynamics of sexual orientation in the Indian context.